A Report On Bios And Cmos Computer Science Essay

A Report On Bios And Cmos Computer Science EssayThis is a written assignment where students argon compulsory to write a report on BIOS and CMOS. Describe the different types of BIOS and CMOSs and what atomic number 18 the current technologies and personal mannerls for BIOS and CMOSs. Students bump mangleer also address what atomic number 18 the likely symptoms for BIOS and CMOSs failures and how to fix them.Plagiarism Detector http//www.plagiarismdetect.com. All you need to do is paste/upload your memorandum file and hit the analyze exclusivelyton. It will map the document with any available online resources. Students are required to print and attach the outcome in their report (acceptable percentage of similarity BIOS is the short form of prefatorial Input Output System program that starts when you turn on your ready reckoner. It checks each(prenominal) of your hardware to ensure they all nourish mogul and are working. BIOS is actually firmware, the software that is p rogrammed into a fixed storage (Read-Only Memory) chip on the mother posting of a computer.BIOS is nearthing that makes the dodging run on an initial Power-On Self-Test of the computer, initialize circuits, load the boot program from the startup record, and whence handle low-level I/O peripheral controllers such(prenominal) as keyboard and screen. It has several different categories you buttocks see your BIOS by paying attention to the screen when it first starts up, in that respect will be a screen with few seconds duration. The BIOS is typically placed in a ROM chip that comes with the computer (it is oft called the BIOS ROM). This ensures that the BIOS will always be available and will not be damaged by disk failures. It also makes it possible for a computer to boot itself. Be ground RAM is faster than ROM, however, many an(prenominal) computer clays object manufacturers so that the BIOS is copied from ROM to RAM each clip the computer is started. This is known as sha dowing. Many advanced(a) PCs have newsflash BIOS, which means that the BIOS have been recorded on a flash memory chip, which rat be up reckond if necessary.The PC BIOS is fairly standardized, so all PCs are similar at this level (although there are different BIOS versions). other(a) DOS functions are usually added through software modules. This means you stand upgrade to a newer version of DOS without changing the BIOS.PC BIOS that can handle Plug and fetch (PnP) are known as PnP BIOS-es, or PnP BIOS current. These BIOS-es are always implemented with flash memory rather than ROM.CMOSsemiconductor unit complementary metal oxide (CMOS) is a type of semiconductor chip that holds data without requiring external power source. In a personal computer (PC), CMOS has the basic instructions the computer needs to initialize its hardware and start-up. These settings are known as the basic parameters of input-output administration (BIOS), also called the CMOS settings.CMOS control a vari ety of functions, including the Power on Self Test ( game). When the computer power switched on, CMOS will run a series of controls to ensure that the corpse works properly. One of these controls includes counting memory (RAM). This start-up time delays, so some people disable this rollick in the CMOS settings, opting for a quick start. If you install new RAM, it is preferable to activate until the RAM has been verified. Once put up has completed, CMOS runs through its other settings. Hard drives and formats are detected and Redundant Array of Independent Disk (RAID) configurations, the start-up preferences, the forepart of peripheral and tweaks for over timeing. Many parameters can be changed manually in the CMOS setup screen to cleanse performance.However, changes must be made by experienced users. Changing the settings wrong can make the system unstable, causing accidents, or even prevent the computer from starting. The CMOS setup screen is accessed during the POST phase mo de, by pressing a button before the operating system boots. Normally it is the Delete key but it could be another. A line of text will indicate which button the user in the CMOS or BIOS setup screen. Changes can be made from an operating system like Microsoft Windows, but must be done in a true DOS session. There is also an option to protect the CMOS settings by requiring a password to change settings. The changes are saved to the output by pressing the F10 key, and then the computer restarts to use the new settings.The system uses what is called a CMOS Checksum error code as a detector. Whenever you change the BIOS settings, the checksum is generated by adding all the bytes in the CMOS memory, then store the lowest byte of the sum. Then, whenever the system is booted, the system recalculates the checksum and compares the stored value. If they are different, the system knows that the CMOS has been change in some way and will notify you via an error, usually something like CMOS Chec ksum Error. There are many different types of batteries used to power the CMOS, for the nigh part they have evolved over time as engineering science has evolved. These batteries are discussed here. You will not normally deal with the CMOS memory directly it contains the parameters that you enter the BIOS setup. Over time, it is possible that you have problems CMOS, for example, you may find that the machine can begin to forget its settings when it is started. These are usually signs of problems with the battery on the motherboard.(Figure-1)(Figure-2)(Figure-3)CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES AND MODELS FOR BIOS AND CMOSBIOS Version 5020 SOX5810J.86A.5020.2010.0224.0938About This retail store February 24, 2010 SATA RAID option ROM 8.9.0.1023 local area network Option ROM Intel(R) hurry Agent PXE GE v1.3.24 LAN Option ROM Intel(R) Boot Agent PXE hateful Code (PXE-2.1 build086)New Fixes/Features Added support for Intels 6-core desktop processor, codenamed Gulftown. Fixed watchdog timer and host clock display essences for XTU2. Fixed anaesthetize that was causing IFlash and Express BIOS Update to fail on subsequent flash modifys. Reduced pre-video boot time by about 7 seconds. Added support to check the IOH stepping and if it is a B2 or earlier then set QPI Power Management default setting to disabled and if it is a B3 or later then set the default to enabled. Fixed setup option default setting for mainframe computer C-States to be enabled and IMON to be disabled. Fixed issue with watchdog timer when running in the operating system and changing from one processor to another. Fixed XMP related issues When an XMP profile was selected the host clock was unchangeable. When selecting Automatic mode the Uncore Multiplier was being set to 22 instead of the proper system default. When selecting Manual mode the stripped supported ratio between Memory proportionality and the Uncore Multiplier will be used establish on the processor installed. Fixed issue where the PC C ompliance bit was being set wrong causing Secondary Boot Request to cause some cards to fail to train right. mark VT to be enabled by default. Fixed issue preventing greater than 160 for the Host Clock.BIOS Version 4598 SOX5810J.86A.4598.2009.1211.1321About This Release December 11, 2009 SATA RAID Option ROM 8.9.0.1023 LAN Option ROM Intel(R) Boot Agent PXE GE v1.3.24 LAN Option ROM Intel(R) Boot Agent PXE Base Code (PXE-2.1 build 086)New Fixes/Features*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Added XTU 2.0 support. Fixed F9 default value for TDC, TDP, and Turbo Ratio. Fixed watchdog timer and host clock display issues for XTU2. Fixed a setup display issue for 5-Core Ratio Limit. Fixed a display issue with the Turbo Boost Technology in setup when a processor is installed that does not have 4 cores. Updated processor support.BIOS Version 4405 SOX5810J.86A.4405.2009.1020.1419About This Release October 20, 2009 SATA RAID Option ROM 8.9.0.1023 LAN Option ROM Intel(R) Boot Agent PXE GE v1.3.24 LAN Option ROM Intel(R) Boot Agent PXE Base Code (PXE-2.1 build 086)New Fixes/Features Updated processor support. Enabled the selection of Video Device gibe to the Primary Video Adapter setup option. Expanded the default size of the NVS memory allocation. Blocked the on-board LAN PXE dispatch when on-board LAN is disabled. Fixed issue where the default video device was not set illuminately if two video cards of same vendor and device id was present in system. Fixed issue where certain SATA RAID controller failed to boot according to the boot order. Fixed issue where system hangs at POST code 0xBA with two SATA optical drives attached and certain media in one drive. Fixed issue where certain SATA RAID controller failed to resume from S3. Added feature to block compressed BMP files from use as a custom logo with Intel Integrator Toolkit. Enabled BIOS Setup to always be reset even if iFlash2 is interrupted when /f flag is set.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIOS AND CMOS?Many people use the term BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) and CMOS (Complementary coat Oxide Semiconductor) interchangeably, but in reality, they are distinct, yet related, components of a computer. The BIOS is a computer program that starts up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time and detail of system configuration needed to start the computer. The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on, until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS firmware, which means its, cannot store the variable data. CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use this term to refer to the chip that stores data variables for booting. A computers BIOS to initialize and control components such as controllers and hard disk drive and the computer hardware clock, but the proper(postnominal) parameters for the startup and low-level formatting of components are stored in CMOS.In addition to the standard CMOS memo ry used to store system settings, BIOS Plug and Play use a nonvolatile memory upgrade to keep the extended system configuration data (ESCD). It is used to save the configurations of the devices of system resources when Plug and Play is used.Type of BIOSPhoenixIBMAMIAwardType of CMOS stamp batteryCoin Cell BatteriesPS2 Computer Clock BatteryBIOS AND CMOSS FAILURES AND HOW TO FIX THEMCMOS checksum error mostly will occurs when CMOS value was incorrect. There is few option may occurs the failure as below.Bad or old CMOS battery.BIOS modify.Removing power from the computer without shutting down the computer.POST errors.The SolutionBad or old CMOS battery exertion restarting the computer. If the error persists after restarting the computer to enter the CMOS setup and check all values, which include verifying the date and time are correct. Once everything has been checked and / or changed be sure to save and exit the CMOS setup.If everything looks correct and the problem persists try re setting the defaults in CMOS and / or Reset Configuration Data. excess schooling on how to locomote can be set up on document CH000976.Note If this problem persists after you turn off your computer off, it is possible that the CMOS battery may be faulty or already ill. Before hold on replacing the CMOS battery to try to leave your computer on for several days. Additional information on replacing the CMOS battery can be found on document CH000239.Computer sternly offIf the computer had been disconnected the power while still running it is possible that this may cause the CMOS to be corrupted. Make sure the computer is ready to be cut before turning off the computer. If you have a laptop so that battery is charged before disconnecting the electrical connection.If the CMOS values have been damaged by launching values in the CMOS setup and saving CMOS and the output should solve your problems. Additional information about entering the BIOS setup can be found on document CH000192.B IOS update recently completedif youve recently released a BIOS update on the computer values stored in the CMOS can be reset. Enter CMOS setup and re-enter all the appropriate values. Additional information about entering the BIOS setup can be found on document CH000192.If you are unable to enter the BIOS or after the execution of a BIOS your computer is no wanter values the incorrect BIOS update may have been installed on your computer or the downloaded version may be corrupted. We suggest you try to update the BIOS and / or go back to an earlier version. Additional assistance and information with the BIOS updates can be found on document CH000236.POST errorEach BIOS manufacturer has its own diagnostic codes to identify specific errors. You need to consult the documentation for specifying the BIOS regorge codes. Many motherboard manufacturers will use code similar to the pilot IBM POST codes, which are summarized in the table below. If you get a single beep, all is good. In some cases, these beeps are also accompanied by a diagnostic code you also look in the BIOS documentation.Beep CodeIBM POST Beep Codes DescriptionOne short beepNormal POST System is OkayTwo short beepsPOST error Error code shown on-screenNo beepPower supply or system board problemContinuous beepPower supply, system board or keyboard problemRepeating short beepsPower supply or system board problemOne long and one short beepsSystem board problemOne long an two short beepsDisplay adapter problem MDA,CGA